The mechanochemical variant of the "Oxidation of anthracene to anthraquinone" is
an easily performed experiment. The desired product is formed in high yield
and with high selectivity. Additionally the end product is of high purity.
The
mass efficiency
is moderate in relation to the other experiments, therefore still considered adequately good
.
The
energy efficiency
of this mechanochemical experiment is lower that in the classical variant of the experiment.
(Eco)toxicological data are available for all used substances except for the
co-productmanganese dioxide.
The acute toxicity of all substances use in the experiment is relatively low
.
While
anthracene
is not carcinogenic and mutagenic only if given in very high doses, the product
anthraquinone
is mutagenic according to recent results, and probably also carcinogenic and sensitizing.
Also the solvent
dichloromethane
is a suspected carcinogen. Unfortunately this solvent is indispensable because of its
selective solvation properties for the product (dissolves the product without concomitantly
dissolving
potassium permanganate
).
All other solvents, inorganic reagents and auxiliary substances used in the experiment do not pose
a risk of chronic toxicity.
The educt
anthracene
is biologically not easily degradable and exhibits
high toxicity for aquatic organisms.
In addition it may be bioaccumulated, thus it has to be considered as dangerous to the environment.
The product
anthraquinone
is somewhat better biologically degradalbe and has a much lower toxicity to aquatic organisms.
.
Potassium permanganate
also shows a relatively high aquatic toxicity.
Therefore we evaluate this experiment with a medium economical efficiency and
quite high toxicological risks as well as a relatively high environmental persistence
of the educt with the "yellow light".